Table of Contents
BEST IELTS Academic Reading Test 485
IELTS ACADEMIC READING TEST 485 – PASSAGE – 3
IELTS ACADEMIC READING TEST – 485
READING PASSAGE – 3
Newspapers
Newspapers are classically published daily or weekly. News magazines are also weekly, but they have a magazine format. General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news. The news comprises political events and personalities, business and finance, crime, weather, and natural disasters; health and medicine, science, and computers and technology; sports; and entertainment, society, food and cooking, clothing and home fashion, and the arts.
Typically, the paper is alienated into segments for each of those major groupings (labelled A, B, C, and so on, with pagination prefixes yielding page numbers A1-A20, B1-B20, C1-C20, and so on).
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Most traditional papers also feature an editorial page covering editorials written by an editor (or by the paper’s editorial board) and stating an opinion on a public issue, opinion articles called “op-eds” written by guest writers (which are typically in the same section as the editorial), and columns that express the personal opinions of columnists, usually offering analysis and synthesis that tries to translate the raw data of the news into information telling the reader “what it all means” and persuading them to concur. Papers also comprise articles which have no by- line; these articles are written by staff writers.
A diverse variety of material has been published in newspapers. Besides the above-mentioned news, information and opinions, they comprise weather forecasts; criticism and analyses of the arts (including literature, film, television, theatre, fine arts, and architecture) and of local services such as restaurants; obituaries, birth notices and graduation announcements; entertainment features such as crosswords, horoscopes, editorial cartoons, gag cartoons, and comic strips; advice columns, food, and other columns; and radio and television listings (program schedules).
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As of 2017, newspapers may also offer information about new movies and TV shows available on streaming video services like Netflix. Newspapers have classified ad sections where people and businesses can buy small advertisements to sell goods or services; as of 2013, an enormous upsurge in Internet websites for selling goods, such as Craigslist and eBay have led to pointedly less classified ad sales for newspapers.
Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenditures with a combination of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and advertising income (other businesses or individuals pay to place advertisements in the pages, including display ads, classified ads, and their online equivalents). Some newspapers are government-run or at least government-funded; their dependence on advertising revenue and on profitability is less critical to their existence. The editorial independence of a newspaper is thus always issue to the interests of someone, whether owners, advertisers, or a government. Some newspapers with high editorial independence, high journalism quality, and large circulation are viewed as newspapers of record.
Many newspapers, besides employing journalists on their own payrolls, also contribute to news agencies (wire services), which service journalists to find, accumulate, and report the news, then sell the content to the various newspapers. This is a way to avoid replicating the expenditure of reporting from around the world. According to Circa 2005, there were about 6,580 daily newspaper titles in the world vending 395 million print copies a day (in the U.S., 1,450 titles selling 55 million copies).
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The late 2000s-early 2010s global slump, united with the fast development of free web-based alternatives, has aided source a waning in advertising and circulation, as many papers had to limit operations to resolute the fatalities. Global annual revenue loomed $100 billion in 2005-7, then jumped during the worldwide financial disaster of 2008-9. Profits in 2016 fell to only $53 billion, aching every major publisher as their pains to increase online income fell far short of the goal.
The waning in advertising revenues affected both the print and online media as well as all other means; print advertising was once rewarding but has greatly weakened, and the prices of online advertising are often inferior than those of their print forerunners. Besides remodelling advertising, the internet (especially the web) has also defied the business models of the printnly age by crowdsourcing both publishing in general (sharing information with others) and, more precisely, journalism (the work of finding, assembling, and reporting the news).
In addition, the growth of news aggregators, which bundle related articles from many online newspapers and other sources, effects the drift of web traffic. Growing pay walling of online newspapers may be countering those effects. The eldest newspaper still published is the Ordinari Post Tijdender, which was established in Stockholm in 1645.
IELTS Academic Reading Test
Questions 28-35
Write no more than THREE WORDS for each answer
28. Weekly newspapers have a ……………..… format.
29. Perspectives written by an editor can be found on the ……………..… page.
30. Articles that have no by-lines are written by ……………..…
31. Newspapers have classified ad sections where businesses can purchase ……………..…
32. Some newspapers are ……………..… and their dependence on advertising revenue and on profitability is less critical to their existence.
33. News agencies accumulate content and then ……………..… to newspapers.
34. In 2005, there were ……………..… newspapers titles being sold in the US.
35. In 2016, the worldwide revenue from newspapers ……………..… to $53 billion.
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Questions 36-40
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage?
TRUE If the statement agrees with the information
FALSE If the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN If there is no information on this
36. A limited amount of material is published in newspapers.
37. India sells less newspapers than Britain.
38. Some newspapers are controlled by the governments.
39. The editorial independence of a newspaper is an issue of interest to the owner of the newspaper or the government.
40. In the recession of 2008-9, the revenue of newspapers from around the globe declined.
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ANSWERS
28. MAGAZINE
29. EDITORIAL
30. STAFF WRITERS
31. SMALL ADVERTISEMENTS
32. GOVERNMENT-FUNDED / GOVERNMENT-RUN
33. SELL
34. 1450
35. FELL
36. FALSE
37. NOT GIVEN
38. TRUE
39. TRUE
40. FALSE
IELTS Academic Reading Test