IELTS VOCABULARY

Resource Depletion

Meaning: The exhaustion of natural resources like water, oil, and minerals.
Example: Overconsumption leads to the depletion of natural resources.

Sustainability

Meaning: The ability to maintain ecological balance without depleting resources.
Example: Sustainability is essential for ensuring a healthy planet for future generations.
Synonyms: environmental balance, long-term viability.

Carbon Footprint

Meaning: The total amount of greenhouse gases produced by human activities.
Example: Reducing our carbon footprint can slow down global warming.
Synonyms: emission output, environmental impact.

Renewable Energy

Meaning: Energy from natural sources that can be replenished, like wind or solar.
Example: Many countries are investing in renewable energy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
Synonyms: sustainable energy, green power.

Greenhouse Effect

Meaning: The trapping of heat in Earth’s atmosphere due to certain gases.
Example: The greenhouse effect is a natural process, but human activity has intensified it.
Synonyms: atmospheric warming.

Natural Disasters

Meaning: Severe natural events such as earthquakes, floods, or hurricanes.
Example: Many countries suffer from natural disasters due to climate instability.
Synonyms: calamities, catastrophes.

Ecosystem

Meaning: A community of living organisms and their physical environment.
Example: Pollution can disrupt entire ecosystems, leading to species extinction.
Synonyms: biological system, habitat network.

Global Pandemic

Meaning: A disease outbreak that spreads across countries and continents.
Example: The COVID-19 pandemic had severe global economic consequences.
Synonyms: worldwide epidemic, health crisis.

Humanitarian Aid

Meaning: Assistance given to people suffering due to war, disaster, or poverty.
Example: International organizations provide humanitarian aid to war-torn nations.
Synonyms: relief assistance, emergency support.

Ethnic Conflict

Meaning: Disputes between different ethnic or cultural groups.
Example: Ethnic conflicts often lead to mass displacement of civilians.
Synonyms: racial tension, communal violence.

Economic Sanctions

Meaning: Penalties imposed by one country on another to influence behavior.
Example: Economic sanctions are often used to pressure governments into political reform.
Synonyms: trade restrictions, embargo.

Population Displacement

Meaning: The forced movement of people due to conflict or disaster.
Example: Natural disasters cause large-scale population displacement every year.
Synonyms: migration crisis, forced relocation.

Economic Inequality

Meaning: Unequal distribution of wealth and income.
Example: Economic inequality can lead to social unrest and political instability.
Synonyms: income gap, wealth disparity.

Illegal Immigration

Meaning: Movement of people across borders without legal permission.
Example: Illegal immigration is a controversial issue in many developed countries.
Synonyms: undocumented migration.

War and Conflict

Meaning: Armed fighting between countries or groups.
Example: War leads to destruction, poverty, and long-term instability.
Synonyms: armed struggle, hostilities.

Diplomatic Relations

Meaning: The official communication and cooperation between countries.
Example: Diplomatic relations are crucial for resolving international disputes peacefully.
Synonyms: foreign relations, international diplomacy.